Genotyping-By-Sequencing diversity analysis of international Vanilla collections uncovers hidden diversity and enables plant improvement

17 de agosto de 2021

Les invitamos a leer: "Genotyping-By-Sequencing diversity analysis of international Vanilla collections uncovers hidden diversity and enables plant improvement", artículo en el que colabora la Dra. Angélica Cibrian. La publicación se encuentra en ScienceDirect .

Autores: Alan Chambers², Angélica Cibrián-Jaramillo³, Adam P. Karremans^7,8, David Moreno Martinez⁹, Juan Hernandez-Hernandez⁵, Maria Brym², Marcio F.R. Resende Jr.⁶, Ruth Moloney¹⁰, Sheryl N. Sierra¹¹, Tomas Hasing⁴, Yasmin A. Alomia¹, Ying Hu⁶, Vanilla Genotyping Consortium.

1. Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Los Andes, Cra. 1 Nº 18A - 12, Bogotá, Colombia
2. Tropical Research and Education Center, Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, 18905 SW 280th St, Homestead, FL, 33033, USA
3. Ecological and Evolutionary Genomics Laboratory, Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (Langebio), CINVESTAV, Km 9.6 Carretera Irapuato-León, Guanajuato, CP 36824, Mexico
4. Elo Life Systems, Durham, NC, 27709, USA
5. Campo Experimental Ixtacuaco, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP), Km 4.5 Carretera Martínez de la Torre-Tlapacoyan, Veracruz, CP 93600, Mexico
6. Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
7. Lankester Botanical Garden, University of Costa Rica, P.O. Box 302-7050, Cartago, Costa Rica
8. Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Endless Forms Group, Sylviusweg 72, Leiden, 2333 BE, the Netherlands
9. Posgrado en Ecología Tropical, Centro de Investigaciones Tropicales, Universidad Veracruzana, José María Morelos 44, Zona Centro, CP 91000, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
10. Corridgeree Belize Ltd, Mile 6, Southern Highway, Silk Grass, Stann Creek District, Belize
11. College of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Natural Resources, Cavite State University, Indang, Cavite, 4122, Philippines

Felicitamos al estudiantado y profesorado que contribuyeron en esta investigación por su arduo trabajo.

Abstract: Genomics-based diversity analysis of natural vanilla populations is important in order to guide conservation efforts and genetic improvement through plant breeding. Vanilla is a cultivated, undomesticated spice that originated in Mesoamerica prior to spreading globally through vegetative cuttings. Vanilla extract from the commercial species, mainly V. planifolia and V. × tahitensis, is used around the world as an ingredient in foods, beverages, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. The global reliance on descendants of a few foundational clones in commercial production has resulted in an industry at heightened risk of catastrophic failure due to extremely narrow genetic diversity. Conversely, national and institutional collections including those near the center of cultivation contain previously undiscovered diversity that could bolster the genetic improvement of vanilla and guide conservation efforts. Towards this goal, an international vanilla genotyping effort generated and analyzed 431,204 single nucleotide polymorphisms among 412 accessions and 27 species from eight collections. Phylogenetic and STRUCTURE analysis sorted vanilla by species and identified hybrid accessions. Principal Component Analysis and the Fixation Index (FST) were used to refine relationships among accessions and showed differentiation among species. Analysis of the commercial species split V. planifolia into three types with all V. × tahitensis accessions being most similar to V. planifolia type 2. Finally, an in-depth analysis of V. × tahitensis identified seven V. planifolia and six V. odorata accessions as most similar to the estimated parental genotypes providing additional data in support of the current hybrid theory. The prevalence of probable V. × tahitensis parental accessions from Belize suggests that V. × tahitensis could have originated from this area and highlights the need for vanilla conservation throughout Central and South America. The genetic groupings among accessions, particularly for V. planifolia, can now be used to focus breeding efforts on fewer accessions that capture the greatest diversity.

Keywords: Vanilla planifolia, V. × tahitensis, Genotyping-by-sequencing, Diversity, Single nucleotide polymorphisms.