Mexican Biobank advances population and medical genomics of diverse ancestries
Artículo
Te invitamos a leer el artículo "Mexican Biobank advances population and medical genomics of diverse ancestries" publicado en Nature, a cargo del profesor investigador Dr. Andrés Moreno y su equipo de trabajo de la UGA-Langebio.
Autores: Mashaal Sohail/ María J. Palma-Martínez/ Amanda Y. Chong/ Consuelo D. Quinto-Cortés/ Carmina Barberena-Jonas, Santiago G. Medina-Muñoz/ Aaron Ragsdale/ Guadalupe Delgado-Sánchez/ Luis Pablo Cruz-Hervert/ Leticia Ferreyra-Reyes/ Elizabeth Ferreira-Guerrero/ Norma Mongua-Rodríguez/ Sergio Canizales-Quintero/ Andrés Jimenez-Kaufmann/ Hortensia Moreno-Macías/ Carlos A. Aguilar-Salinas/ Kathryn Auckland/ Adrián Cortés/ Víctor Acuña-Alonzo/ Christopher R. Gignoux/ Genevieve L. Wojcik/ Alexander G. Ioannidis/ Selene L. Fernández-Valverde/ Adrian V. S. Hill/ María Teresa Tusié-Luna/ Alexander J. Mentzer/ John Novembre/ Lourdes García-García / Andrés Moreno-Estrada.
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Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (UGA-LANGEBIO). México
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Centro de Ciencias Genómicas (CCG). México
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Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM). México
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The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. USA
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Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública (INSP). México
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División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM). México
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Unidad de Biología Molecular y Medicina Genómica. México
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Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas UNAM
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Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán. México
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División de Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán. México
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Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery. USA
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Escuela Nacional de Antropología e Historia (ENAH). México
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Colorado Center for Personalized Medicine. USA
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University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora. USA
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Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD. USA
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Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA. USA
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School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences and the RNA Institute. USA
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The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
Felicitamos al estudiantado y profesorado que contribuyeron en esta investigación por su arduo trabajo.
Summary:
Latin America continues to be severely underrepresented in genomics research, and fine-scale genetic histories and complex trait architectures remain hidden owing to insufficient data1. To fill this gap, the Mexican Biobank project genotyped 6,057 individuals from 898 rural and urban localities across all 32 states in Mexico at a resolution of 1.8 million genome-wide markers with linked complex trait and disease information creating a valuable nationwide genotype–phenotype database. Here, using ancestry deconvolution and inference of identity-by-descent segments, we inferred ancestral population sizes across Mesoamerican regions over time, unravelling Indigenous, colonial and postcolonial demographic dynamics2,3,4,5,6. We observed variation in runs of homozygosity among genomic regions with different ancestries reflecting distinct demographic histories and, in turn, different distributions of rare deleterious variants. We conducted genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for 22 complex traits and found that several traits are better predicted using the Mexican Biobank GWAS compared to the UK Biobank GWAS7,8. We identified genetic and environmental factors associating with trait variation, such as the length of the genome in runs of homozygosity as a predictor for body mass index, triglycerides, glucose and height. This study provides insights into the genetic histories of individuals in Mexico and dissects their complex trait architectures, both crucial for making precision and preventive medicine initiatives accessible worldwide.